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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain
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Distinguishing between Bread Wheat and Spelt Grains Using Molecular Markers and Spectroscopy.

A Y Curzon1,2, K Chandrasekhar1, Y K Nashef1

  • 1Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences , Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Center , Rishon LeZion 7528809 , Israel.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
|February 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Accurate methods are needed to distinguish spelt from bread wheat. The Q-gene genotyping and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provide highly reliable and efficient tools for differentiating these grains.

Keywords:
NIRSQ geneadulterationspeltwheat

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Spelt and bread wheat are important cereal grains with increasing market demand.
  • Accurate differentiation between spelt and bread wheat is crucial for the baking industry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate diagnostic methods for distinguishing spelt from bread wheat grains.
  • To identify efficient and accurate tools for grain classification.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping using DNA markers (γ-gliadin-D, γ-gliadin-B, Q-gene).
  • Phenotypic assessment (ease-of-threshing).
  • Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis.

Main Results:

  • Q-gene genotyping showed high accuracy, aligning with the threshing phenotype.
  • A three-waveband NIR model achieved reliable classification (Kappa=0.97, R-square=0.93).
  • γ-gliadin markers (GAG56B, GAG56D) had limited diagnostic power.
  • NIRS-based diagnosis was not biased by protein concentration.

Conclusions:

  • The Q-gene and NIRS are valuable and simple tools for distinguishing bread wheat from spelt.
  • These methods offer efficient solutions for the baking industry's need for grain classification.