Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

86.9K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
86.9K
Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:10

Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

55.6K
Molecular compounds or covalent compounds result when atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds. Since there is no electron transfer, molecular compounds do not contain ions; instead, they consist of discrete, neutral molecules. 
55.6K
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

26.7K
In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
26.7K
Drug Nomenclature01:17

Drug Nomenclature

3.3K
During the development of a new pharmaceutical, the manufacturer initially assigns a code name to the drug. Once approved, the drug receives a United States Adopted Name (USAN)—a generic, nonproprietary designation. Upon being listed in the United States Pharmacopeia, this nonproprietary name becomes the drug's official name. Additionally, the manufacturer assigns a proprietary name or trademark, which serves as the brand name under which the drug is marketed. It is worth noting that...
3.3K
Nomenclature of Alkenes02:29

Nomenclature of Alkenes

15.3K
The IUPAC naming system for alkenes replaces -an- with -en- in the corresponding parent alkanes. Accordingly, a simple alkene replaces the -ane suffix of the alkane with -ene.
As per the IUPAC rules, the longest carbon chain containing the maximum number of double bonds is identified as the parent chain and is numbered such that the doubly bonded carbon atoms receive the lowest possible numbers. The location of the double bond is indicated by the number of its first carbon atom. In branched...
15.3K
Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

17.6K
A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
17.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Internal connectivity of the mouse mesocortical ring and functional implications.

Brain structure & function·2026
Same author

Morphogenetic Patterning During Regional and Cell Type Specification in the Embryonic Basal Ganglia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Field Homology in the Brain of Vertebrates.

Biology·2026
Same author

Transcriptomics reveals pallial and subpallial subdivisions of the mouse medial amygdala.

Brain structure & function·2026
Same author

Ramón y Cajal's 'lenticular tract' represents infrasubthalamic pyramidal collaterals targeting mesodiencephalic centers: an obscure misunderstood aspect of the motor pathway clarified by Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity data.

Frontiers in neuroanatomy·2025
Same author

Transcriptomic Analysis Corroborates the New Radial Model of the Mouse Pallial Amygdala.

Biomolecules·2025
Same journal

TC2-Res: a structured fusion of tract-level and connectome-level brain imaging in small-sample cohorts of athletes.

Frontiers in neuroanatomy·2026
Same journal

Revisiting the clastosome: a stress-induced nuclear proteolytic compartment of mammalian cells.

Frontiers in neuroanatomy·2026
Same journal

Intrinsic elaboration of prefrontal modularity: a dual-control model of axon bundling and synaptic docking.

Frontiers in neuroanatomy·2026
Same journal

Selective enrichment of TCF4 in GABAergic neurons during postnatal primate development.

Frontiers in neuroanatomy·2026
Same journal

ATF3-based peripheral neural tract tracing.

Frontiers in neuroanatomy·2026
Same journal

Stereological evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of curcumin on the spinal cord in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.

Frontiers in neuroanatomy·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

RNA Interference in Aquatic Beetles as a Powerful Tool for Manipulating Gene Expression at Specific Developmental Time Points
08:55

RNA Interference in Aquatic Beetles as a Powerful Tool for Manipulating Gene Expression at Specific Developmental Time Points

Published on: May 29, 2020

8.2K

Time for Radical Changes in Brain Stem Nomenclature-Applying the Lessons From Developmental Gene Patterns.

Charles Watson1,2, Caitlin Bartholomaeus1, Luis Puelles3

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
|February 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a new nomenclature for brain stem structures based on gene expression, developmental analysis, and fate mapping, correcting long-standing errors in traditional naming conventions for all mammals.

Keywords:
brain stemhindbrainisthmusmidbrainrhombomeres

More Related Videos

Understanding Cerebellar Pattern Formation
13:18

Understanding Cerebellar Pattern Formation

Published on: November 1, 2007

5.5K
Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres
06:52

Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres

Published on: July 22, 2020

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

RNA Interference in Aquatic Beetles as a Powerful Tool for Manipulating Gene Expression at Specific Developmental Time Points
08:55

RNA Interference in Aquatic Beetles as a Powerful Tool for Manipulating Gene Expression at Specific Developmental Time Points

Published on: May 29, 2020

8.2K
Understanding Cerebellar Pattern Formation
13:18

Understanding Cerebellar Pattern Formation

Published on: November 1, 2007

5.5K
Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres
06:52

Discovery of Driver Genes in Colorectal HT29-derived Cancer Stem-Like Tumorspheres

Published on: July 22, 2020

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • Traditional brain stem nomenclature relies on external morphology, leading to inaccuracies.
  • Existing subdivisions (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata) do not reflect developmental segmentation.
  • Errors include misplacement of the pons and isthmus, and inclusion of diencephalic structures in the midbrain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a revised brain stem nomenclature aligned with developmental gene expression patterns.
  • To correct inaccuracies in the traditional naming of brain stem structures.
  • To establish a universally applicable nomenclature for all mammalian species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of developmental gene expression patterns.
  • Progeny analysis to trace cell lineages.
  • Fate mapping studies to determine developmental origins.
  • Comparative analysis across mammalian species.

Main Results:

  • Identified rhombomeric segmentation as a basis for brain stem organization.
  • Proposed new names for brain stem segments consistent with developmental data.
  • Corrected misidentifications of the pons, isthmus, and midbrain boundaries.
  • Offered alternative nomenclature for specific internal brain stem structures.

Conclusions:

  • A new, development-based nomenclature is essential for accurate brain stem research.
  • The proposed nomenclature resolves traditional naming errors and applies to all mammals.
  • Updated terminology will enhance clarity and consistency in neuroscience and developmental biology.