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Screening Oryza Species Plants for Rice Sheath Blight Resistance.

G C Eizenga¹, F N Lee², J N Rutger³

¹Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160.

|March 2, 2019

Summary

A new growth chamber method effectively screens rice wild relatives (Oryza spp.) for sheath blight resistance. This technique allows evaluation of germplasm not suitable for field screening, aiding in the discovery of disease resistance genes.

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Area of Science:

Plant Pathology
Agronomy
Genetics

Background:

Rice wild relatives (Oryza spp.) are a valuable genetic resource for improving cultivated rice (O. sativa).
Sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a significant rice disease.
Traditional field screening of Oryza spp. is challenging due to their growth habit and seed shattering.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a reliable growth chamber-greenhouse screening method for sheath blight resistance in Oryza spp.
To assess the sheath blight susceptibility of various Oryza spp. accessions and their hybrids with cultivated rice.

Main Methods:

Inoculation of rice tillers (primary-secondary and ratoon) with R. solani-colonized toothpicks at the leaf collar.
Incubation in a growth chamber for 7 days followed by visual rating and lesion length measurement.
Evaluation of 21 Oryza spp. accessions and F1 progeny using the developed method.

Main Results:

The growth chamber method accurately ranked sheath blight susceptibility of rice cultivars, correlating with field ratings.
Visual ratings of primary-secondary tillers correlated best with combined lesion length of the second and third leaves.
The method was successfully applied to screen Oryza spp. accessions and their progeny for sheath blight resistance.

Conclusions:

A practical growth chamber-greenhouse screening method for sheath blight resistance in rice wild relatives has been established.
This method overcomes limitations of field screening for Oryza spp., facilitating the identification of valuable resistance genes.
The findings support the use of this technique for germplasm evaluation and breeding programs aimed at enhancing rice disease resistance.