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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

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Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
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Measures of Central Tendency02:16

Measures of Central Tendency

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The "center" of a data set is also a way of describing location. The two most widely used measures of the "center" of the data are the mean (average) and the median. The words "mean" and "average" are often used interchangeably. The substitution of one word for the other is common practice. The technical term is "arithmetic mean" and "average" is technically a center location. However, in practice among non-statisticians,...
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Measurement: Standard Units03:38

Measurement: Standard Units

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Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
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Absolute Quantum Yield Measurement of Powder Samples
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Absolute Quantum Yield Measurement of Powder Samples

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Quantum Measurement Cooling.

Lorenzo Buffoni1,2, Andrea Solfanelli2, Paola Verrucchi2,3,4

  • 1Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, via S. Marta 3, I-50139 Florence, Italy.

Physical Review Letters
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum measurement cooling uses quantum mechanics to power a cooling engine without feedback. Entanglement in measurement projectors is key, showing robustness to noise for potential applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Mesoscopic Physics

Background:

  • Quantum measurement invasiveness is a fundamental property of quantum mechanics.
  • This invasiveness is often viewed as a limitation, but can be harnessed for work.
  • Quantum measurement cooling (QMC) explores using measurement back-action for thermodynamic benefit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate quantum measurement cooling (QMC) as a viable thermodynamic process.
  • To investigate the operational requirements and robustness of QMC.
  • To propose a practical implementation of QMC in a solid-state system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-stroke, two-qubit engine model interacting with a measurement apparatus and two heat reservoirs.
  • Analyzed the necessity of feedback control and the role of entanglement in measurement projectors.
  • Quantified the probability of QMC occurrence with random measurement basis selection.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that feedback control is not required for QMC operation.
  • Established that entanglement within measurement projectors is essential for QMC.
  • Found that QMC has a significant probability of occurring, even with random measurements, and is robust to experimental noise.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum measurements can actively drive a cooling engine, showcasing a non-detrimental aspect of invasiveness.
  • QMC is a robust quantum thermodynamic process, potentially feasible with current technologies.
  • A solid-state implementation using circuit QED and circuit quantum thermodynamics is proposed.