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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Atmospheric science

Background:

  • Turbulent flows can undergo abrupt, impactful configuration changes.
  • Multistability in jet dynamics, exemplified by the Ising model for Jupiter's troposphere, is a key phenomenon.
  • Direct numerical simulations struggle to capture rare transition events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multistability of jet dynamics in a barotropic beta plane model.
  • To develop and apply a novel algorithm for studying rare transition paths in turbulent flows.
  • To explore the nature of transitions and the existence of Arrhenius laws in turbulence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing adaptive multilevel splitting, a rare event algorithm.
  • Generating large statistics of transition paths between system states.
  • Numerical simulation of turbulent flows.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated concentration of transition paths near instantons in turbulent flows.
  • Identified transitions as noise-activated nucleation of vorticity bands.
  • Provided evidence for Arrhenius laws in turbulent systems for the first time.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methodology enables the study of rare events in turbulence, previously inaccessible.
  • Turbulent transitions are noise-activated nucleation processes.
  • This work integrates turbulent phenomena into nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and has broad applications.