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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Dermal Advanced REACH Tool (dART)-Development of a Dermal Exposure Model for Low-Volatile Liquids.

Henk A Goede1, Kevin McNally2, Jean-Philippe Gorce2

  • 1Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Risk Assessment for Products in Development (RAPID), The Netherlands.

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|March 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new mechanistic model, dermal Advanced REACH Tool (dART), estimates hand exposure to low volatile liquids and solids-in-liquid products. It integrates key dermal exposure processes and workplace activity data for improved risk assessment.

Keywords:
dermal exposureexposure assessmentmodeloccupationalskinwork

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational hygiene
  • Risk assessment modeling
  • Dermal exposure science

Background:

  • Existing models like ART primarily focus on inhalation exposure.
  • Dermal exposure assessment requires specialized tools for accurate risk evaluation.
  • Low volatile liquids and solids-in-liquid products present unique exposure challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and describe the mechanistic dermal Advanced REACH Tool (dART) model.
  • To extend the existing ART framework for assessing hand exposure to specific chemical product types.
  • To integrate key dermal exposure processes and workplace activities into a unified model.

Main Methods:

  • The dART model is based on a conceptual dermal source-receptor model integrated into the ART framework.
  • It incorporates a taxonomy of workplace activities (activity classes) and three mass transport processes: deposition, direct emission/contact, and transfer.
  • Key modifying factors (MFs) for substance, activity, controls, and exposed surface area were defined, with multipliers derived from literature and expert consensus.

Main Results:

  • A structured model for estimating dermal exposure to low volatile liquids and solids-in-liquid products has been developed.
  • The model quantifies exposure by considering deposition, direct emission/contact, and transfer processes.
  • A worked example demonstrates the calculation of hand exposure for a specific scenario.

Conclusions:

  • The dART model provides a framework for assessing hand exposure to specific chemical formulations.
  • Further validation and implementation into the ART software platform are necessary.
  • Periodic updates and refinements are anticipated as knowledge on dermal exposure determinants advances.