Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026
06:52
Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
Published on: September 17, 2019
6.8K
Longitudinal stability of reading profiles in individuals with higher functioning autism
Emily J Solari1, Ryan P Grimm1, Nancy S McIntyre2
1University of Virginia, USA.
Autism : the International Journal of Research and Practice
|March 15, 2019
Summary
Reading profiles in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are diverse and can change over time. This longitudinal study reveals that while age doesn't predict reading profiles, symptom severity is linked, and profiles themselves shift across 30 months.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Reading difficulties, particularly in comprehension, are well-documented in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
- Emerging research indicates significant heterogeneity in reading abilities within the ASD population, necessitating nuanced investigation.
- Previous studies often examined reading profiles cross-sectionally, limiting understanding of their stability over time.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the longitudinal stability and transitions of reading profiles in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
- To examine the relationship between age, autism symptom severity, and reading profile membership over a 30-month period.
- To identify distinct reading profiles and track shifts between them across time.
Main Methods:
- Latent profile analysis (LPA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were employed to identify distinct reading profiles.
- Data were collected at two time points, separated by 30 months, to enable longitudinal comparisons.
- Statistical analyses examined the influence of age and autism symptom severity on profile membership and transitions.
Main Results:
- Heterogeneous reading profiles were identified, ranging from average abilities to significant deficits across various reading subskills.
- Age was not found to be a significant predictor of reading profile membership.
- Significant differences in autism symptom severity were observed, which remained largely stable over the study period; reading profiles demonstrated shifts over time.
Conclusions:
- Individuals with autism spectrum disorder exhibit diverse and dynamic reading profiles, challenging a one-size-fits-all approach to reading intervention.
- Reading profiles in ASD are not static and can change significantly over a 30-month period.
- Understanding these shifting profiles is crucial for developing tailored and effective educational strategies for autistic individuals.
Related Concept Videos
02:20Longitudinal Research
13.2K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
13.2K
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
1.1K
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
1.1K
02:46Uncertainty in Measurement: Reading Instruments
51.4K
Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
51.4K
03:18Nuclear Stability
23.2K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
To hold positively charged protons together...
23.2K
01:53RNA Stability
35.7K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.7K
01:26Longitudinal Studies
498
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
498