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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
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Slow light in ultracompact photonic crystal decoder.

Tina Daghooghi, Mohammad Soroosh, Karim Ansari-Asl

    Applied Optics
    |March 16, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed a novel all-optical 2-to-4 decoder using photonic crystals. This device utilizes the Kerr effect and slow-light phenomena for high-speed optical switching, paving the way for advanced optical integrated circuits.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Computing
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • All-optical signal processing is crucial for next-generation computing.
    • Photonic crystal structures offer unique light manipulation properties.
    • Slow-light regimes enhance light-matter interactions in optical devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a new design for an all-optical 2-to-4 decoder.
    • To leverage photonic crystals and the Kerr effect for optical switching.
    • To achieve high performance in terms of speed, power, and size.

    Main Methods:

    • Merging two photonic crystal-based structures.
    • Incorporating a nonlinear ring resonator and three nonlinear cavities.
    • Operating in the slow-light regime to enhance waveguide coupling.

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  • Utilizing the Kerr effect for refractive index modification.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved a maximum group index of 94 in slow-light waveguides.
    • Normalized output powers for logic 0 and 1 are 4% and 82%, respectively.
    • Demonstrated a data transfer rate of 220 GHz.
    • Device size is 24×9.5 μm², with insertion loss of -7.45 dB and crosstalk of -16.38 dB.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed all-optical 2-to-4 decoder exhibits excellent performance characteristics.
    • The design is suitable for integration into optical integrated circuits.
    • This work contributes to the advancement of high-speed all-optical signal processing.