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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Rapid Isolation of Human Breast Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Published on: November 14, 2025
Catecholamine and Metanephrine Levels in Breast Milk Before and After Paraganglioma Resection
Sarah E Dodd1, Ravinder J Singh2, Yvette N Martin1
11 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Abstract:
Catecholamine and metanephrine transfer into breast milk in the setting of secreting paraganglioma or pheochromocytoma has not been previously described. We present an investigation in which we measured catecholamine and metanephrine levels in the breast milk in a single patient undergoing resection of a paraganglioma at 5 weeks postpartum. As expected, levels were elevated preoperatively and decreased rapidly after resection. This information may be clinically relevant for patient management when pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma resection is delayed with respect to the delivery of the infant or in the postoperative monitoring of the patient's status.
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