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Related Concept Videos

Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

197.9K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

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Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
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Primary Distribution01:28

Primary Distribution

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Primary distribution systems deliver electrical power from substations to consumers through various voltage classes, with 15-kV class voltages being predominant among U.S. utilities. Older 2.5- and 5-kV classes are being replaced by 15-kV primaries, while higher 25- to 34.5-kV classes are used in high-density urban areas and rural regions with long feeders. Three-phase, four-wire multigrounded systems are widely employed for balanced power delivery, using the neutral wire as a grounding point.
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Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Retrograde Parotid Gland Infusion through Stensen's Duct in a Non-Human Primate for Vectored Gene Delivery
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Primary parotid liposarcoma.

A Košec1, K Zurak1, H Čupić2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Center Sestre milosrdnice, Vinogradska cesta 29, Zagreb, Croatia.

European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
|March 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Primary parotid liposarcoma is a rare cancer with a high recurrence rate of 70%. Optimal treatment involves radical surgery, with radiotherapy for aggressive, high-grade tumors.

Keywords:
Head and neckLiposarcomaParotid neoplasmsSurgery

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Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma
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Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Primary liposarcoma of the parotid gland is exceptionally rare, with only 8 prior reported cases.
  • This study investigates a case of primary parotid liposarcoma to understand its complex treatment and outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 66-year-old male presented with primary liposarcoma in the left parotid gland.
  • The condition led to significant local morbidity, tumor recurrence, multiple surgeries, and ultimately, death within 5 months.

Findings:

  • Parotid liposarcoma demonstrates a high local recurrence rate, reaching up to 70%.
  • The malignancy is also prone to distant metastatic spread.
  • High-grade tumors exhibit a poorer prognosis, even with combined surgical and radiotherapy treatment.

Implications:

  • Radical surgery with clear margins is the recommended primary treatment for parotid liposarcoma.
  • Adjuvant radiotherapy may benefit patients with large, high-grade tumors, positive surgical margins, or complex anatomical involvement.
  • The aggressive nature of high-grade parotid liposarcomas necessitates careful treatment planning and monitoring.