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The Significance of Left Axis Deviation in the Pediatric Population: A Meta-Analysis

Fu-Sheng Chou1,2,3, Amy J Johnson4, Laxmi V Ghimire5,6

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.

Pediatric Cardiology
|March 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Left axis deviation (LAD) in children is rare but often linked to heart disease. This study found a high prevalence of heart conditions in children with LAD, though it can also occur in healthy hearts.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Electrocardiography
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Left axis deviation (LAD) is an uncommon finding in pediatric electrocardiograms (ECGs).
  • Its association with underlying structural heart disease in children warrants systematic investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the clinical significance of left axis deviation (LAD) in the pediatric population.
  • To determine the prevalence of heart diseases in children with LAD and vice versa.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of studies from major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar) published before May 2018.
  • Data extraction from nine selected studies involving 7514 subjects, categorized by presence of heart disease or LAD.

Main Results:

  • Among children with LAD, 66.3% were found to have heart disease, with significant heterogeneity across studies.
  • The prevalence of LAD in healthy children was 1.6%, also showing considerable heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Left axis deviation (LAD) in children is significantly associated with heart diseases, particularly congenital heart disease (CHD).
  • While LAD can be present in healthy children, its degree correlates with the likelihood of CHD.
  • Clinical examination remains vital for identifying CHD in pediatric patients with LAD.

Keywords:
ElectrocardiogramHeart diseaseLeft axis deviationPediatrics

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