Computationally effective 2D and 3D fast phase unwrapping algorithms and their applications to Doppler optical...

We propose a simplification for a robust and easy to implement fast phase unwrapping (FPU) algorithm that is used to solve the phase wrapping problem encountered in various fields of optical imaging and metrology. We show that the number of necessary computations using the algorithm can be reduced compared to its original version. FPU can be easily extended from two to three spatial dimensions. We demonstrate the applicability of the two- and three-dimensional FPU algorithm for Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) in numerical simulations, and in the imaging of a flow phantom and blood flow in the human retina in vivo. We introduce an FPU applicability plot for use as a guide in the selection of the most suitable version of the algorithm depending on the phase noise in the acquired data. This plot uses the circular standard deviation of the wrapped phase distribution as a measure of noise and relates it to the root-mean-square error of the recovered, unwrapped phase.