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Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
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The Hartley oscillator is a positive feedback system that sustains oscillations by feeding the output back to the input in phase, thereby reinforcing the signal. Positive feedback systems can be viewed as negative feedback systems with inverted feedback signals. In these systems, the root locus encompasses all points on the s-plane where the angle of the system transfer function equals 360 degrees.
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Overcurrent relays, crucial for circuit protection, are connected to the secondary current of a current transformer. There are two primary types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time-delay.
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Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
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Relay Positions Considering Interference from Other Sub-Channels in OFDMA-Based D2D Group-Casting Systems.

Minjoong Rim1, Eulhyeon Go2

  • 1Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04602, Korea, dmfgus5118@naver.com. minjoong@dongguk.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Device-to-device (D2D) communication enhances spectrum efficiency. This study optimizes D2D relay placement to minimize outage probability in OFDMA systems, considering interference impacts.

Keywords:
D2DGroup-castingIn-band emissionInterferenceOFDMARelay

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communication
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Device-to-device (D2D) communication offers improved spectrum efficiency, reduced delay, and lower power consumption compared to traditional cellular networks.
  • Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) is commonly used in D2D systems for efficient frequency resource allocation.
  • In-band emissions in D2D systems can cause interference between sub-channels, degrading performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the performance degradation in OFDMA-based D2D group-casting systems due to inter-sub-channel interference.
  • To determine the optimal relay position that minimizes outage probability in D2D overlay systems.
  • To analyze the impact of source location and target scenario on relay placement.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of interference in D2D overlay systems using OFDMA.
  • Simulation of three D2D relay scenarios.
  • Mathematical derivation to find the relay position minimizing outage probability.

Main Results:

  • Interference from other sub-channels significantly impacts OFDMA-based D2D group-casting performance.
  • The optimal relay position is highly dependent on the source device's location.
  • Different target scenarios necessitate distinct relay placements for optimal performance.

Conclusions:

  • Interference management is crucial for robust D2D communication performance.
  • Relay placement optimization is essential for mitigating interference and improving D2D system reliability.
  • The findings provide valuable insights for designing efficient D2D communication systems.