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¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution01:10

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Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a phenomenon exhibited by certain nuclei that can absorb characteristic radio frequency radiation under certain conditions. NMR has been extensively applied in molecular spectroscopy and medical diagnostic imaging. In both these applications, the molecule or subject under study is placed in a magnetic field and irradiated with radio frequency energy.
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
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¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

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The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
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Bi-2223 Test Coils for High Resolution NMR Magnets.

W S Marshall1, M D Bird2, A Godeke2

  • 1The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA, wsmarshall@magnet.fsu.edu.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity : a Publication of the IEEE Superconductivity Committee
|March 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-strength nickel alloy lamination significantly improves Bi-2223 conductor strain tolerance. This advancement enables the creation of high-homogeneity solenoids for advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements.

Keywords:
Bi-2223NMRsolenoid

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Superconductivity
  • Magnet Technology

Background:

  • Bismuth-2223 (Bi-2223) conductors are crucial for high-field magnets.
  • Improving strain tolerance is key to achieving higher magnetic fields and better homogeneity.
  • Lamination with high-strength nickel alloy offers a promising solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the enhanced strain tolerance of Bi-2223 conductor laminated with nickel alloy (Type HT-NX).
  • To develop and demonstrate high-homogeneity solenoids for advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) applications.
  • To assess the performance of these solenoids under conditions relevant to 30 Tesla NMR magnets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing commercially available Type HT-NX Bi-2223 conductor.
  • Fabricating five coils, including a final NMR demonstration coil.
  • Testing coils within a 16 Tesla large-bore background magnet at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL).
  • Conducting a technology development program with four test coils to refine fabrication processes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant improvement in strain tolerance of Bi-2223 conductor.
  • Commercial availability of Type HT-NX conductor in lengths suitable for high-homogeneity solenoids.
  • Expected demonstration of NMR measurements approaching 1 GHz and 1 ppm homogeneity over a 10 mm volume.
  • Anticipated critical current fraction and strain levels comparable to those in 30 T NMR magnets.

Conclusions:

  • The nickel alloy lamination technique substantially enhances Bi-2223 conductor performance.
  • The developed solenoids are poised to enable next-generation NMR spectroscopy.
  • The ongoing program at NHMFL will advance magnet technology for scientific discovery.