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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Abnormal scar identification with spherical-nucleic-acid technology.

David C Yeo1, Christian Wiraja1, Amy S Paller2,3

  • 1School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

Nature Biomedical Engineering
|April 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New NanoFlares technology allows biopsy-free scar diagnosis by detecting messenger RNA (mRNA) for connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). This imaging approach visually identifies abnormal fibroblasts, aiding in scar assessment and potential treatment decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical imaging
  • Molecular diagnostics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Accurate scar diagnosis relies on invasive histopathology.
  • Current methods are time-consuming, uncomfortable, and can worsen scarring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a non-invasive method for diagnosing scar types.
  • To utilize imaging nanoprobes for detecting scar-specific biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and applied NanoFlares for intracellular messenger RNA (mRNA) detection.
  • Measured connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA expression in cell cultures and skin models.
  • Evaluated topical NanoFlare application in animal models and ex vivo human skin.

Main Results:

  • NanoFlares distinguished hypertrophic/keloidal fibroblasts from normal ones in cell culture.
  • Detected changes in CTGF mRNA expression influenced by TGF-β signaling.
  • Achieved visual and spectroscopic quantification of abnormal fibroblasts via transepidermal NanoFlare penetration.

Conclusions:

  • Topical NanoFlare technology offers a promising biopsy-free approach for scar diagnosis.
  • This method enables visual assessment of mRNA expression patterns in skin disorders.
  • Potential to guide therapeutic decisions based on molecular scar signatures.