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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project
Published on: November 12, 2009
Project honeybee: Clinical applications for wearable biosensors
Leland Hartwell1, Heather M Ross2,3, Jeffrey T La Belle4,5
1Biodesign Pathfinder Center, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
Abstract:
Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references. The Project Honeybee Observational Clinical Trials were 12-month studies designed to validate the use of commercially available ambulatory medical devices costing $50-$300 for clinical applications. Each trial had a patient population of about 15-30 subjects with a broad range of disease types including heart failure, diabetes, sepsis, and Parkinson's disease. Over 30 supported proposals were funded in the 4-year period, as well as the creation of a database of all commercially available devices. Each year a call for proposals was published within ASU and Mayo Clinic Arizona. Proposals were selected for funding by a committee of ASU faculty from engineering, nursing, and exercise physiology departments. The progress of each research trial was monitored through monthly colloquia with the nursing, biomedical engineering, computer science, and nutrition graduate research assistants, to discuss the challenges and opportunities arising with each research trial. PIs were required to report on study progress 6 months into the trial period and 3 months following the conclusion of the 12-month project. The project was very successful in meeting our goals of testing consumer wearable devices on patients for a variety of conditions across a variety of clinical settings in the greater Phoenix community. The following clinical sites participated in one or more of these clinical trials: Adelante Healthcare, Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Arizona Cardiology Group, Banner University Medical Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Honor Health, Mayo Clinic, and St Joseph's Hospital. A total of 12 ASU faculty and 39 clinicians participated.
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