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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria
Published on: September 16, 2013
Non-HACEK Gram-negative bacillus endocarditis
M Ertugrul Mercan1, F Arslan2, S Ozyavuz Alp3
1Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Patients And Methods:
Retrospective analysis of clinical data using 26 diagnosed non-HACEK Gram-negative infective endocarditis cases from nine hospitals in Turkey.
Results:
Mean age of patients was 53 (28-84) years, with a 23% case fatality. Nineteen (73%) of the 26 patients had at least one predisposing factor. The presence of a central venous catheter was the most common predisposing factor (7/26 patients). Pseudomonasaeruginosa (7/26 patients) and Escherichiacoli (7/26 patients) were the most common pathogens. The median duration of the antibiotic therapy was 42 days (range 3-84 days). Surgical procedures were performed in 10 patients. The case fatality was similar in patients who did or did not undergo surgery (20% vs. 25%).
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