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Acute Pharyngitis

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...

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Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

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Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Something Old and Something New.

David M Morens¹, Gregory K Folkers¹, Anthony S Fauci²

¹National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

|April 4, 2019

Summary

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is reemerging globally, driven by nonpolio enteroviruses like EV-D68, not polioviruses. This epidemic offers insights into viral disease emergence mechanisms.

Keywords:

acute flaccid myelitis emerging diseases enterovirus neurology

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Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats

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Published on: February 16, 2011

Area of Science:

Neurology
Epidemiology
Virology

Background:

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a recognized neurological condition.
AFM reemergence globally since 2014 is linked to nonpolio enteroviruses, particularly EV-D68.
Polio eradication efforts do not explain the current AFM epidemic.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the epidemiology, virology, and diagnostics of epidemic AFM.
To examine clinical management options for AFM.
To discuss future research needs in AFM.

Main Methods:

Review of epidemiological data on AFM outbreaks.
Analysis of virologic findings associated with AFM.
Examination of diagnostic approaches for AFM.

Main Results:

The current AFM epidemic is associated with nonpolio enteroviruses, notably EV-D68.
Polio viruses are not the cause of the recent AFM reemergence.
Understanding EV-D68's role is crucial for AFM management.

Conclusions:

The reemergence of AFM highlights the complex nature of viral disease emergence.
Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind EV-D68-associated AFM.
Effective clinical management strategies for AFM require further development.