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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
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External cephalic version at term: A 6-year single-operator experience.

Gabriel Levin1, Amihai Rottenstreich1, Yishay Weill2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Birth (Berkeley, Calif.)
|April 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

External cephalic version (ECV) offers a high success rate for noncephalic pregnancies, with high liquor volume predicting success. Factors like anterior placenta and nulliparity predict ECV failure, with low complication rates.

Keywords:
amniotic fluid indexbreechexternal cephalic versionmalpresentationplacenta

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • External cephalic version (ECV) is recommended for noncephalic pregnancies in women desiring vaginal delivery.
  • Predictors of successful ECV have been explored, but large single-operator experiences are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the outcomes of external cephalic version (ECV) referrals.
  • To identify predictors of ECV success and failure in a large, single-operator cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data.
  • Multivariate analysis of ECV procedures performed by a single operator over six years.
  • Comparison of maternal and fetal characteristics between successful and failed ECV groups.

Main Results:

  • 602 women underwent ECV, with a success rate of 71.7% (432 cases).
  • High amniotic fluid volume was a significant predictor of ECV success (Adj OR 1.17).
  • Anterior placenta and nulliparity were associated with ECV failure (OR 0.44 and 0.21, respectively).
  • Adverse events were infrequent (1%) and minor.

Conclusions:

  • External cephalic version (ECV) demonstrates high success and low complication rates, facilitating vaginal birth and reducing cesarean deliveries.
  • Further research should investigate the impact of modifiable factors, such as amniotic fluid volume, on ECV outcomes.