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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Liver Histology01:27

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
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Liver Physiology01:30

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

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The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
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The Use of Gas Chromatography to Analyze Compositional Changes of Fatty Acids in Rat Liver Tissue during Pregnancy
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Liver Diseases During Pregnancy.

Karen Ma1, Daniel Berger1, Nancy Reau2

  • 1Section of Gastroenterology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Suite 207, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Clinics in Liver Disease
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Liver diseases in pregnancy affect 3% of pregnancies, posing risks to both mother and child. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for favorable outcomes in these challenging cases.

Keywords:
Acute fatty liver of pregnancyAutoimmuneCirrhosisHELLP syndromeHepatitisIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancyLiver tests pregnancyLiver transplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Obstetrics
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Liver diseases during pregnancy present unique clinical challenges.
  • While severe cases are rare, pregnancy-related liver disease impacts approximately 3% of pregnancies and can be fatal.
  • Effective management hinges on timely recognition and diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of liver diseases encountered during pregnancy.
  • To differentiate between conditions unique to pregnancy and those that pre-exist or coincide with pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on pregnancy-related liver conditions.
  • Categorization of liver diseases into pregnancy-specific and pre-existing/coincident categories.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of various liver diseases specific to the gestational period.
  • Examination of pre-existing or coincident liver diseases in pregnant individuals.
  • Highlighting the importance of accurate diagnosis for patient management.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the spectrum of liver diseases in pregnancy is vital for maternal and fetal well-being.
  • Appropriate diagnostic and management strategies are essential for improving outcomes.
  • This review serves as a guide for clinicians managing liver conditions in pregnant patients.