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This study presents an experimental test to rule out classical explanations for quantum measurement statistics. Negative values in the Keldysh quasiprobability distribution (KQPD) experimentally confirm nonclassical behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Quantum information theory
  • Experimental physics

Background:

  • Classical physics struggles to explain quantum measurement statistics.
  • Quantum measurements are described by von Neumann measurements.
  • Keldysh quasiprobability distribution (KQPD) captures measurement imprecision and backaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce an experimental test to distinguish classical from quantum explanations of measurement data.
  • Provide an operational meaning for nonclassicality in quantum measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Develop a test based on detector assumptions and measurement statistics.
  • Utilize the Keldysh quasiprobability distribution (KQPD) framework.
  • Analyze simulated data with finite statistics.

Main Results:

  • Classical explanations are ruled out if and only if the KQPD shows negative values.
  • Demonstrate the test's efficacy with simulated data.
  • Show that negative KQPD values are a signature of nonclassicality.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed test serves as an experimental tool for certifying nonclassicality.
  • Negative quasiprobability distributions, like the Wigner function, have operational significance.
  • This work bridges theoretical quantum descriptions with experimental verification.