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Related Concept Videos

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In the years before Newton, a general belief prevailed that different laws governed objects in the sky than objects on Earth. When Kepler wrote down the three laws of planetary motion, explaining in detail the geometrical properties of the planetary orbits around the Sun, there was no immediate idea to discern their connection with more fundamental laws. It was Isaac Newton who, in 1665–66, figured out the connection between planetary motion, the motion of the moon around the Earth, and...
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Potential energy is not just a property of each object, but also a property of the interactions between objects in a chosen system. For each type of interaction present in a system, there is a corresponding type of potential energy. The total potential energy of the system is the sum of the potential energies of all the objects. Potential energy can be classified into two major categories: gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy. The potential energy associated with a...
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Our everyday observation tells us that all objects close to the Earth naturally tend to fall to the ground. Early philosophers assumed that this downward force was unique to Earth. By the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) put forward the heliocentric theory, which suggested that Earth and other planets orbited the sun, while the Moon orbited the Earth. However, it was Isaac Newton (1642-1727) who linked these two motions together in the 17th century. He reasoned that the force of...
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Since gravitational force is a conservative force, the amount of work done to move an object between two points in the gravitational field in which it resides is independent of the path taken. Thus, similar to the gravitational field, a gravitational potential energy function can be defined, which depends only on spatial coordinates.
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Capillary-based Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Size-controllable Formation of Monodisperse Microdroplets
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Gravitational Effect in Evaporating Binary Microdroplets.

Yaxing Li1, Christian Diddens1,2, Pengyu Lv1

  • 1Physics of Fluids group, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gravitational effects significantly influence evaporating binary droplets, driving flow patterns due to density gradients caused by preferential water evaporation. The Archimedes number (Ar) controls these gravity-driven flows in microdroplets.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Evaporation of binary mixtures is complex.
  • Microdroplet behavior is crucial in various applications.
  • Understanding flow dynamics in evaporating droplets is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate flow fields in evaporating glycerol-water droplets.
  • Determine the role of gravity in microdroplet evaporation.
  • Identify the key parameter controlling gravity-driven effects.

Main Methods:

  • Microparticle image velocimetry (μPIV) for flow field measurement.
  • Experimental comparison of glycerol-water and 1,2-propanediol-water systems.
  • Numerical simulations of droplet evaporation.

Main Results:

  • Observed opposite radial flow directions (inward for sessile, outward for pendant droplets).
  • Identified preferential water evaporation leading to density gradients and convective flow.
  • Established the Archimedes number (Ar) as the critical parameter for gravitational effects.

Conclusions:

  • Gravitational effects are crucial in submillimeter evaporating binary droplets, even with Bond number Bo≪1.
  • The Archimedes number (Ar) dictates the presence and direction of gravity-driven convective flows.
  • Experimental and numerical results confirm the theoretical interpretation of density-gradient-driven flow.