[ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE MAXILLARY ALVEOLAR ARCH IN ADULTHOOD]

Nowadays new efficient methods of dental correction and modern methods of abnormal bite correction are suggested. In this regard, seems to be important to study the existence of individual anatomical variability range of the maxilla and its structures. The research has been conducted on 100 bone samples of integral and fragmented skulls from the collections of anatomy department of Kharkiv National Medical University. In the conditions of research, detailed osteometry of the maxilla has been took place. Therefore, measurements have been included: length (from the posterior margin of the front incisive alveoli to the posterior margin of the hard palate); width (between the inner margins of the second molars alveoli); length (perimeter) of the dental arch. The length of the maxillary alveolar arch gradually increases from brachycephalic to mesocephalic and dolichocephalic of both genders. The width of the upper alveolar arch reaches the maximum values in brachycephalic type, an intermediate place is occupied by mesocephalic, dolichocephalic type of the skull corresponds to the minimal range. In adulthood have been found the prevalence of right-sided asymmetry of the external margin of the upper alveolar arch and hence the similar localization of the maxilla teeth row, due to the right-sided mastication type or its predominance throughout the life. According to received data, there are three main forms of upper alveolar arch in adulthood: expanded-arch, which differs by deployed curvature around the perimeter and typical for brachycephalic; medium-arch with the presence of different length along the perimeter in mesocephalic; narrow-arch with the predominance of longitudinal perimeters in dolichocephalic type. Maxillary dental arch lies along the lower edge of the teeth, starting from the frontal incisors. Alveolar arch passes through the alveolar crest (lower edge of the gums). Basal arch is going on the tops of the teeth roots, otherwise known as apical arch. Given that, the crowns of the upper jaw teeth are always inclined vestibulary and roots of teeth - orally. Their ratio to the maxilla expressed that the widest perimeter has dental arch, middle position - alveolar arch and the smallest one is apical. The last one withstands the maximal masticatory pressure and hence beginning of the maxillary buttresses at this level.