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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ionic Radii03:10

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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

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Effect of Ionic Group on the Complex Coacervate Core Micelle Structure.

Tae-Young Heo1, Inhye Kim2, Liwen Chen3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Korea. tyheo@mail.hongik.ac.kr.

Polymers
|April 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The structure of complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) depends on the ionic groups used. Stronger ionic pairs lead to larger C3Ms, indicating sensitivity beyond simple charge interactions.

Keywords:
complex coacervate core micelleionic groupsmall-angle neutron scattering (SANS), contrast matching technique

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) are self-assembled structures formed by oppositely charged block copolyelectrolytes.
  • Understanding the influence of ionic interactions on C3M structure is crucial for designing advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dependence of C3M structure on the specific pairs of ionic groups.
  • To elucidate the role of ionic group strength in C3M formation and properties.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for micelle size distribution.
  • Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy (cryo-TEM) for structural visualization.
  • Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) with contrast matching for detailed analysis.

Main Results:

  • All investigated C3Ms were spherical with narrow size distributions and water-swollen cores.
  • Increased core radius and aggregation number were observed with stronger polyelectrolyte pairs.
  • C3M formation demonstrated significant sensitivity to the specific ionic group pairs, not just overall charge.

Conclusions:

  • The structure of C3Ms is highly tunable by selecting specific ionic group pairs.
  • Ionic group interactions play a critical role in dictating C3M morphology and aggregation behavior.
  • These findings offer insights into the rational design of complex coacervates for various applications.