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The Potential of Small Dams for Conjunctive Water Management in Rural Municipalities.

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Vila Pouca de Aguiar faces groundwater deficits during dry seasons, especially in tourist hotspots. A conjunctive water management plan using surface and groundwater is proposed to ensure a sustainable drinking water supply.

Keywords:
conjunctive water managementdrinking water supplyforestgeographic information systemgroundwaterhydrologic modelingmunicipalitysmall damssurface waterwater shortagewater stress

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrology
  • Water Resource Management
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Vila Pouca de Aguiar, Portugal, relies on groundwater for drinking water, with resources strained during peak tourist season.
  • Sub-municipal water deficits are projected to worsen due to increased consumption and reduced rainfall.
  • Current groundwater infrastructure faces challenges meeting demand in Vila Pouca de Aguiar and Pedras Salgadas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess current and future drinking water deficits in Vila Pouca de Aguiar.
  • To propose a sustainable water management strategy balancing supply and demand.
  • To identify suitable surface water sources for integration into the water supply system.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrologic modeling of small forested catchments (< 15 km²).
  • Analysis of groundwater availability and surface water potential.
  • Estimation of nutrient loads for water quality assessment.

Main Results:

  • Estimated annual water deficits of 55,000 m³/yr, potentially rising to 90,000 m³/yr.
  • Identification of the Cabouço watershed as a prime location for surface water storage (2.4 Mm³/yr availability).
  • Dominant forest cover (84.8%) in Cabouço watershed and compatible nutrient loads support drinking water suitability.

Conclusions:

  • A shift to conjunctive water management, integrating surface and groundwater, is recommended.
  • The Cabouço watershed offers a viable solution for augmenting water supply through surface water storage.
  • Proactive water resource management is crucial for ensuring long-term drinking water security in the region.