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    A new microwave radiometer system was developed for real-time brain monitoring. This system accurately detects temperature and conductivity changes in brain tissue, showing potential for brain functionality research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Neuroscience
    • Microwave Engineering

    Background:

    • Near-field microwave radiometry offers real-time, passive monitoring of brain activity.
    • Brain activation is linked to changes in blood flow, temperature, and conductivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and evaluate a prototype microwave radiometer system.
    • To detect localized temperature and conductivity changes within brain tissues at depth.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a novel, sensitive radiometric system with a four-port total power Dicke-switch receiver operating at 1.5 GHz.
    • Assessed system efficacy using simulations and experiments on brain tissue phantoms.
    • Validated in vivo performance by measuring human somatosensory cortices under pain stimulation.

    Main Results:

    • The system accurately detected temperature and conductivity variations in phantom models.
    • Initial in vivo measurements demonstrated the radiometer's capability to sense spontaneous low-power brain signals.
    • Promising results indicate potential for further investigation.

    Conclusions:

    • A compact and sensitive radiometer for passive brain activation monitoring has been developed.
    • This technology can serve as a complementary tool for brain functionality research.
    • The system shows significant potential for future investigative trials.