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Next-Generation Biomedical Microwave Antennas: Metamaterial Design and Advanced Printing Manufacturing Techniques.

Maria Koutsoupidou1, Irene S Karanasiou1

  • 1Division of Mathematics and Engineering Sciences, Department of Military Sciences, Hellenic Army Academy, 16673 Athens, Greece.

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Summary

Next-generation biomedical antennas leverage advanced materials and fabrication methods like 3D printing and metamaterials. These innovations create compact, adaptive antennas for improved wireless healthcare applications, from monitoring to implants.

Keywords:
2D conductive printing3D printingadditive manufacturingantenna developmentbiomedical antennasbiomedical imagingbiomedical sensingmetamaterials

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Biomedical antennas are crucial for wireless healthcare technologies, including monitoring, imaging, and therapy.
  • Proximity to the human body presents challenges like impedance detuning, signal absorption, and size limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in wearable and implantable biomedical antennas.
  • To highlight novel materials, fabrication techniques, and design strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of printed electronics, additive manufacturing (3D printing, inkjet, aerosol jet, screen printing), and flexible hybrid integration.
  • Discussion of metamaterial and metasurface designs for electromagnetic control.
  • Fabrication on diverse substrates like textiles, elastomers, and biodegradable materials.

Main Results:

  • Metamaterials enable control over antenna dispersion and radiation, leading to miniaturization and enhanced focusing.
  • Advanced fabrication methods create body-conforming antennas with improved impedance stability and reduced specific absorption rate (SAR).
  • Integration of sensing, power management, and RF components in thin, flexible assemblies.

Conclusions:

  • The convergence of new materials, engineered electromagnetic structures, and AI optimization is driving the development of advanced biomedical antennas.
  • These antennas are compact, stretchable, personalized, and adaptive, paving the way for unobtrusive monitoring, wireless implants, and continuous clinical interfacing.