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Nutrition, immune response, and outcome.

S Chandra, R K Chandra

    Progress in Food & Nutrition Science
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nutrition significantly impacts immune system function, affecting the body's ability to fight disease. Both deficiencies and excesses of nutrients like vitamins and trace elements can impair or suppress immunity, highlighting the need for balanced diets.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutrition Science
    • Immunology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • The immune system is crucial for defending against infections, tumors, and autoimmune diseases.
    • Nutritional status profoundly influences immune system components and function.
    • Early research focused on protein-energy malnutrition, but industrialized nations also see compromised immunity in vulnerable groups.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the multifaceted relationship between nutrition and immune function.
    • To explore the impact of both nutrient deficiencies and excesses on immunocompetence.
    • To highlight the emerging role of trace elements in immunity and secondary immunodeficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on nutrition and immunity.
    • Analysis of findings on protein-energy malnutrition and specific nutrient impacts.
    • Examination of research on vitamins, minerals, and trace elements in immune responses.

    Main Results:

    • Deficiencies in protein, amino acids, and vitamins A, E, B6, and folate reduce immunocompetence.
    • Excessive intake of fats (polyunsaturated fatty acids), iron, and vitamin E can be immunosuppressive.
    • Trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium) are vital for enzyme activity and immune modulation; both deficiency and excess have consequences.

    Conclusions:

    • Nutritional imbalances significantly affect immune function, increasing susceptibility to disease.
    • Understanding nutrient-immune interactions is critical for preventing and managing immunodeficiency and other health conditions.
    • Further research into trace elements and their mechanisms is essential for practical applications in nutritional regulation of immunity.

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