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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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To understand intra-specific interactions in populations, scientists measure the spatial arrangement of species individuals. This geographic arrangement is known as the species distribution or dispersion. Highly territorial species exhibit a uniform distribution pattern, in which individuals are spaced at relatively equal distances from one another. Species that are highly tied to particular resources, such as food or shelter, tend to concentrate around those resources, and thus exhibit a...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Gauss's law states that the electric flux through any closed surface equals the net charge enclosed within the surface. This law is beneficial for determining the expressions for the electric field for a particular charge distribution if the electric flux is known.
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Iterative Optimization of DNA Duplexes for Crystallization of SeqA-DNA Complexes
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Complex Crystals from Size-Disperse Spheres.

Praveen K Bommineni1, Nydia Roxana Varela-Rosales1, Marco Klement1

  • 1Institute for Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|April 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonuniform colloids with size variations crystallize into complex structures when compressed slowly. Even with significant dispersity, these particles form diverse crystal phases, including Frank-Kasper structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and soft matter physics
  • Crystallography
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Colloidal systems exhibit inherent or dynamic dispersity in size, shape, and charge.
  • Understanding crystallization conditions and resulting crystal forms in nonuniform colloids remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the crystallization behavior of hard spheres with Gaussian radius distribution and varying dispersity.
  • To explore the impact of static and dynamic dispersity on crystal structure formation.

Main Methods:

  • Accelerated event-driven simulations were employed.
  • Particle swap moves simulated static dispersity.
  • Particle resize moves simulated dynamic dispersity.

Main Results:

  • Hard spheres with dispersity up to 19% consistently crystallized under slow compression.
  • Complex crystal structures emerged, including AB2 Laves, AB13, and Frank-Kasper phases above 6% dispersity.
  • A quasicrystal approximant (oS276) was identified within the Frank-Kasper region.

Conclusions:

  • Slow compression of dispersed hard spheres leads to predictable crystallization into complex structures.
  • Dispersity significantly influences the resulting crystal phases, expanding the known structural diversity.
  • Findings offer insights into ordering phenomena in soft matter and alloy systems.