Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Poiseuille's Law and Reynolds Number01:10

Poiseuille's Law and Reynolds Number

9.2K
Any fluid in a horizontal tube can flow due to pressure differences—fluid flows from high to low pressure. The flow rate (Q) is the ratio of pressure difference and resistance through a horizontal tube. The greater the pressure difference, the higher the flow rate. The flow resistance is expressed as:
9.2K
Reynolds Transport Theorem01:24

Reynolds Transport Theorem

1.9K
The Reynolds transport theorem provides a framework to relate the time rate of change of an extensive property within a system to that in a control volume, which is crucial for analyzing fluid dynamics. Extensive properties, such as mass, velocity, acceleration, temperature, and momentum, can be expressed in terms of the mass of a fluid portion. These properties are called extensive because they depend on the system's size, while intensive properties are their corresponding values per unit...
1.9K
Linearization and Approximation01:26

Linearization and Approximation

51
Linearization is a mathematical technique used to approximate complex, nonlinear functions with simpler linear models in the vicinity of a chosen reference point. The method is based on the idea that, although a function may be difficult to evaluate exactly, its behavior near a specific input value can often be closely approximated by the tangent line at that point. This approach is particularly useful when small deviations from a known value are involved.Consider the square root function, for...
51
Application of Linearization and Approximation01:29

Application of Linearization and Approximation

87
A drone flying through complex terrain often relies on more than one sensing method to estimate small changes in altitude. Along with direct measurements, air pressure provides a useful indirect indicator of vertical movement. Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases, and this relationship is commonly described using an exponential model. Although accurate, converting pressure measurements into altitude values requires calculations that are too complex to perform repeatedly during...
87
Accuracy, limits, and approximation01:28

Accuracy, limits, and approximation

1.1K
Accuracy, limits, and approximations are common in many fields, especially in engineering calculations. These concepts are imperative for ensuring that a given value is as close as possible to its true value.
Accuracy is defined as the closeness of the measured value to the true or actual value. In engineering mechanics, repeated measurements are taken during theoretical or experimental analyses to ensure that the result is precise and accurate.
The accuracy of any solution is based on the...
1.1K
Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

5.0K
The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanisms of the CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O co-adsorption behavior of functionalized porous carbons: perspectives of the molecular clustering effect.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Effect of La and Ce Microalloying on the Corrosion Resistance of 0.4Sb Low-Alloy Steel in a Harsh Marine Atmospheric Environment.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

STAT3 Signaling in Spinal Cord Injury: Neurochemical Mechanisms Linking Neuroinflammation, Mitochondrial Stress, and Glial Remodeling.

Neurochemical research·2026
Same author

Kilohertz linewidth VCSEL with an external high Q-factor intrinsic optical fiber Fabry-PĂ©rot cavity.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Incorporating Thermal Adaptation and Acclimation Improves Light-Use Efficiency Modeling for Estimating Gross Primary Production in Tibetan Plateau Grasslands.

Global change biology·2026
Same author

A hertz-linewidth semiconductor laser self-injection locked to a microresonator with electromagnetically induced transparency.

Optics letters·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Isolation and Culture of Chick Ciliary Ganglion Neurons
14:36

Isolation and Culture of Chick Ciliary Ganglion Neurons

Published on: August 8, 2020

6.3K

Is the Zero Reynolds Number Approximation Valid for Ciliary Flows?

Da Wei1, Parviz Ghoddoosi Dehnavi2, Marie-Eve Aubin-Tam1

  • 1Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ Delft, Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters
|April 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stokes equations fail to accurately predict microscale ciliary flows. Experimental results reveal faster velocity decay and phase delays, challenging the zero Reynolds number approximation for unsteady flows.

More Related Videos

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
05:32

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Published on: January 19, 2022

5.1K
Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
08:00

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

Published on: July 13, 2015

12.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Isolation and Culture of Chick Ciliary Ganglion Neurons
14:36

Isolation and Culture of Chick Ciliary Ganglion Neurons

Published on: August 8, 2020

6.3K
High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
05:32

High-speed Video Microscopy Analysis for First-line Diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Published on: January 19, 2022

5.1K
Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
08:00

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

Published on: July 13, 2015

12.6K

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Biophysics
  • Microscale transport phenomena

Background:

  • Stokes equations and the zero Reynolds number approximation are standard for modeling microscale hydrodynamic flows.
  • Cilia-driven flows are crucial for biological processes, including locomotion and fluid transport in microorganisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the validity of the zero Reynolds number approximation for unsteady ciliary flows.
  • To compare experimentally measured flow fields with predictions from Stokes equations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optical tweezers for high-resolution flow velocimetry.
  • Measured periodic flows generated by beating cilia with precise spatial and temporal resolution.

Main Results:

  • Observed that cilia-generated flows differ significantly from the predicted stokeslet field.
  • Demonstrated faster spatial decay of flow velocity and gradual phase delay with increasing distance from cilia.
  • Indicated that the quasisteady approximation and Stokes equations are not always suitable for unsteady ciliary flows.

Conclusions:

  • The finite timescale of vorticity diffusion is significant and cannot be neglected in unsteady ciliary flows.
  • Results challenge the universal applicability of Stokes equations for microscale hydrodynamics.
  • Findings have implications for understanding microswimmer synchronization and collective dynamics.