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Individual differences in sustained attention are associated with cortical thickness.

Alex Mitko1,2, David Rothlein1,2, Victoria Poole2,3,4

  • 1Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS), VA RR&D TBI National Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.

Human Brain Mapping
|April 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Better sustained attention is linked to thicker cortices in visual, motor, frontal, and parietal regions, particularly in the right hemisphere. This study reveals how brain structure, specifically cortical thickness, relates to sustained attention abilities.

Keywords:
TOVAVeteranscortical thicknessgradCPTsustained attention

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Previous research links sustained attention to functional brain activity, particularly in frontoparietal regions.
  • Fewer studies have explored the relationship between sustained attention and individual differences in cortical structure.
  • Growing evidence suggests broader brain networks are involved in sustained attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between individual differences in cortical thickness and sustained attention performance.
  • To identify specific brain regions and networks where cortical thickness variations correlate with sustained attention ability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to acquire high-resolution brain scans from 125 adult Veteran participants.
  • Employed the gradual onset continuous performance task and the Test of Variables of Attention to measure sustained attention.
  • Conducted whole-brain vertex-wise analyses and network-based analyses to examine cortical thickness relationships.

Main Results:

  • Found significant positive associations between better sustained attention and increased cortical thickness in visual, somatomotor, frontal, and parietal cortices, especially in the right hemisphere.
  • Network analyses revealed correlations between sustained attention and cortical thickness within the dorsal attention, ventral attention, somatomotor, and visual networks.
  • Demonstrated that variations in cortical thickness across multiple brain regions and networks are linked to sustained attention performance.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical thickness in several brain regions and networks is significantly associated with sustained attention.
  • Structural MRI findings, specifically cortical thickness, can help elucidate individual differences in cognitive functions like sustained attention.
  • This research contributes to understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of sustained attention and cognitive variability.