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Case Studies01:22

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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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HIV: A Socioecological Case Study.

Jarrett Sell1, Daniel George2, Martha P Levine3

  • 1Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine.

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|April 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This health systems curriculum uses a socioecological model to address health disparities for marginalized groups. It successfully trained 150 medical students, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving understanding of population health needs.

Keywords:
Delivery of Health CareHIVHealth Care SystemsHealthcare DisparitiesLGBTPopulation HealthPublic HealthSexual MinoritiesSocioecological Model

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Area of Science:

  • Health Systems Science
  • Population Health
  • Medical Education

Background:

  • Healthcare costs necessitate new strategies for community health needs, particularly for marginalized populations.
  • Health systems education, including public and preventive health, is crucial for training physicians.
  • An 18-month curriculum in health systems and navigation was developed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Analyze health disparities in marginalized groups using the socioecological model.
  • Utilize a case study of an HIV patient to identify barriers at multiple levels.
  • Provide an active-learning resource for self-directed learners.

Main Methods:

  • Socioecological model application to a case study.
  • Identification of individual, community, and policy-level needs and barriers.
  • Active-learning format with small and large group discussions.

Main Results:

  • Curriculum implemented as a required session for 150 second-year medical students.
  • Students reported high agreement (average 4.4/5) with the session supporting learning objectives.
  • Positive reception and successful integration into medical education.

Conclusions:

  • Curriculum effectively implemented and evaluated for medical students.
  • Broad applicability for residents and interprofessional health students.
  • Provides practical context for health systems and population health principles.