DC carpet cloak designed by topology optimization based on covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy.

Area of Science:

• Electromagnetics
• Materials Science
• Computational Physics

Background:

• Metamaterials enable novel electromagnetic properties.
• Carpet cloaks offer potential for electromagnetic invisibility.
• Topology optimization is a powerful tool for designing complex structures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To design optimal direct current (DC) carpet cloaks.
• To achieve electrical invisibility for objects using homogeneous materials.
• To validate the cloaking performance through electromagnetic field simulations.

Main Methods:

• Topology optimization using the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy.
• Immersed boundary-level set method for structure representation.
• Minimization of voltage distribution differences for cloaking effectiveness.

Main Results:

• Optimal DC carpet cloak designs were successfully obtained.
• Cloaking structures were visualized as gray-scale-free configurations.
• Electrically invisible bumps were demonstrated by minimizing voltage discrepancies.
• The electric potential field was reproduced accurately, even with a bump present.

Conclusions:

• Topology optimization provides an effective method for designing DC carpet cloaks.
• Homogeneous materials can be utilized to create effective cloaking devices.
• The developed cloaks successfully achieve electrical invisibility under DC conditions.