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ASSESSMENT OF RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF USING PETROLEUM RAW MATERIALS AND THEIR WASTE.

Nabil M Hassan1, N A Mansou1, S Salama2

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Radioactivity levels of uranium (238U), thorium (232Th), and potassium (40K) in petroleum materials from Egypt and Kuwait were measured. All analyzed samples showed radioactivity below international safety limits, posing no significant radiological hazard.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Radiation Safety

Background:

  • Petroleum extraction and processing generate raw and waste materials.
  • These materials can contain naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs).
  • Assessing radioactivity is crucial for environmental and occupational safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the activity concentrations of key radionuclides (238U, 232Th, 40K) in petroleum samples.
  • To evaluate radiological indices and assess potential radiation hazards.
  • To compare radioactivity levels with international safety standards.

Main Methods:

  • Gamma ray spectrometry was employed for radionuclide analysis.
  • Activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were quantified.
  • Radiological indices (radium equivalent, external/internal/alpha/gamma indices, radiation dose) were calculated.

Main Results:

  • Egyptian samples: average 226Ra (21.1 Bq kg-1), 232Th (7.6 Bq kg-1), 40K (88.4 Bq kg-1).
  • Kuwaiti samples: average 226Ra (25.2 Bq kg-1), 232Th (6.1 Bq kg-1), 40K (67.8 Bq kg-1).
  • All measured activities and calculated indices were below international exemption levels and regulatory limits.

Conclusions:

  • Petroleum materials from Egypt and Kuwait contain NORMs within safe limits.
  • Radiation exposure from these petroleum materials does not present a significant radiological hazard.
  • The study confirms the safety of handling and managing these petroleum byproducts regarding radioactivity.