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Updated: Jan 26, 2026
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Dynamic Navigation for Dental Implant Placement
Published on: September 13, 2022
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Factors that Influence Direction Deviation in Freehand Implant Placement
Tianhong Tang1, Zhuoli Huang2, Luman Liao1
1Department of Prosthodontics, 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, P.R. China.
Summary
Freehand dental implant placement accuracy is clinically acceptable. Adjacent teeth, implant quadrant, and site location impact accuracy, while the number of missing teeth does not influence deviations.
Area of Science:
- Dental Implantology
- Surgical Accuracy
- Biomaterials Science
Background:
- Freehand implant placement is a common technique.
- Assessing its accuracy is crucial for predictable outcomes.
- Factors influencing accuracy require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the accuracy of freehand implant placement.
- To determine if adjacent teeth, implant quadrant, number of missing teeth, or implant site location affect deviations.
- To analyze direction and angulation errors in freehand implantology.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 112 implants in 75 partially edentulous patients.
- Implants placed freehand by an experienced clinician.
- Comparison of planned versus postoperative implant positions using 3D analysis software.
- Statistical analysis including ANOVA and regression to identify influencing factors.
Main Results:
- Mean 3D deviations were 1.22 mm (entrance) and 1.91 mm (apex); angulation deviation was 7.93°.
- Adjacent teeth significantly impacted mesiodistal and buccolingual deviations and mesiodistal angulation.
- Implant quadrant affected buccolingual deviation and angulation.
- Implant site location influenced buccolingual and mesiodistal deviations.
- Number of missing teeth did not significantly affect deviations.
Conclusions:
- Freehand implant placement demonstrates acceptable clinical accuracy.
- Adjacent teeth, implant quadrant, and site location are significant factors influencing accuracy.
- The number of missing teeth does not appear to impact freehand implant placement accuracy.
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