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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and molecular biology
  • Crop science
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • CENTRORADIALIS (CEN) regulates flowering time and inflorescence architecture in plants.
  • Natural variation in barley's HvCEN is crucial for expanding cultivation ranges.
  • The specific impacts of HvCEN on barley's shoot and spike architecture, and yield, remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pleiotropic effects of HvCEN on developmental timing, shoot, and spike morphology in barley.
  • To characterize the impact of 23 independent hvcen (mat-c) mutants on barley growth and yield.
  • To elucidate the molecular interactions of HvCEN with HvFT3 and HvFT1 in controlling flowering and floral development.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of 23 independent hvcen mutants under outdoor and controlled conditions.
  • Analysis of hvft3-hvcen and hvelf3-hvcen double mutants.
  • Global transcriptome profiling of developing shoot apices and inflorescences in mutant and wild-type barley.

Main Results:

  • All hvcen mutants exhibited early flowering, reduced spikelet number, tiller number, and yield.
  • HvCEN accelerated spikelet initiation and reduced axillary bud number independently of photoperiod, but promoted floret development only under long days.
  • HvCEN interacts with HvFT3 and HvFT1 to control spikelet initiation and repress floral development, respectively, and influences chromatin remodeling, cytokinin, cell cycle, and respiration pathways.

Conclusions:

  • HvCEN plays a significant role in regulating barley flowering time, spike development, and yield.
  • Understanding HvCEN's stage- and organ-specific functions and its molecular networks is key to manipulating barley architecture and yield.
  • Targeting HvCEN offers potential for improving barley cultivation and agricultural range expansion.