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Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
Published on: August 29, 2025
Assessing therapist development: Reliability and validity of the Supervisee Levels Questionnaire (SLQ-R)
Yvonne M Junga1,2, Michael Witthöft1, Florian Weck2
1Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Background:
Therapist development is a crucial target for clinical training in order to ensure high-quality psychotherapy. A major challenge in examining therapeutic development is the assessment of developmental processes. The Supervisee Levels Questionnaire (SLQ-R) was analyzed in this study to examine its validity, reliability, and underlying dimensional structure.
Method:
Seven hundred and sixty therapists participated in an online survey concerning their current psychotherapy training. The factor structure as well as the validity of the SLQ-R were investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.
Results:
In line with the results of the exploratory factor analyses, a Bifactor ESEM (exploratory structural equation modeling) model with two factors and one global factor provided the best fit to the data. The two factors were labeled professional self-confidence and professional insecurity.
Conclusion:
Empirical support for reliability and validity of the new factor structure of the SLQ-R was found. The instrument is useful for assessing the therapist's developmental level.
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