Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026
10:45
Fabrication of a Solution-gated Indium-Tin-Oxide-based One-piece Transistor Enabling Sensitive Biosensing
Published on: August 29, 2025
680
Humanising the mouse genome piece by piece.
Fei Zhu1, Remya R Nair2, Elizabeth M C Fisher3
1Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
Nature Communications
|April 25, 2019
Summary
Researchers are advancing genome engineering to create better humanized mouse models for studying human health and disease. These models incorporate human DNA, offering new insights into complex biological processes.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Translational Medicine
- Animal Models
Background:
- Understanding human health and disease necessitates advanced research tools.
- Mouse models genetically engineered with human DNA are crucial for biomedical research.
- Recent genome engineering advances enable precise human DNA integration in mice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review emerging technologies for targeted genomic humanization in mice.
- To survey existing genomically humanized mouse models and their contributions to research.
- To identify key considerations for the future design of humanized mouse models.
Main Methods:
- Examination of emerging genome engineering technologies.
- Review of current literature on genomically humanized mouse models.
- Analysis of insights gained from existing humanized mouse models.
Main Results:
- Targeted replacement of mouse genomic regions with human DNA is increasingly feasible.
- Humanization strategies range from single nucleotide to megabase scale integrations.
- Genomically humanized mouse models have provided significant insights into human biology and disease.
Conclusions:
- Genomic humanization of mouse models is a rapidly advancing field.
- Careful design is essential for maximizing the utility of humanized mouse models.
- These models are indispensable for advancing human health and disease research.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece
5.9K
Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
5.9K
02:02Genomics
39.9K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
39.9K
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
36.9K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
36.9K
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
9.0K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.0K
02:16Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes
15.6K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
15.6K
00:46Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes
48.4K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
48.4K