Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Fabrication of a Solution-gated Indium-Tin-Oxide-based One-piece Transistor Enabling Sensitive Biosensing
Published on: August 29, 2025
Silicon-on-Insulator Double-Gate Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors Using Flexible Paper Substrate-Based Extended
1Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
We created cost-effective, disposable ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) using paper extended gates. These novel sensors achieve ultra-high pH sensitivity, exceeding theoretical limits, and demonstrate stable performance for long-term biosensing applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Chemical Engineering
- Electrical Engineering
Background:
- Conventional ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) integrate sensing and measuring components, leading to the loss of expensive components upon sensing surface contamination.
- Existing ISFETs face limitations in cost-effectiveness and reusability due to integrated designs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a cost-effective and disposable sensor platform by separating the sensing and measuring parts of ISFETs.
- To enhance ISFET sensitivity using a novel double-gate transistor design and paper extended gates.
- To evaluate the stability and reliability of the developed sensor for long-term measurements.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of ISFETs with disposable paper extended gates (EGs).
- Implementation of a double-gate transistor architecture on an SOI substrate to leverage capacitive coupling for sensitivity amplification.
- Characterization of pH sensitivity, hysteresis, drift, and aging effects of the paper EGs over 30 days.
Main Results:
- Achieved ultra-high pH sensitivity of 1199.92 ± 32.4 mV/pH, significantly exceeding the theoretical Nernst limit.
- Demonstrated excellent stability and reliability of paper EGs for long-term measurements, with stable operating characteristics observed for 30 days.
- Confirmed the effectiveness of the double-gate design in amplifying sensitivity through capacitive coupling.
Conclusions:
- The developed double-gate ISFETs with flexible paper EGs offer a promising solution for label-free, low-environmental impact, and cost-effective biosensing.
- This technology has significant potential for disposable and flexible field-effect transistor-based biosensor applications.
- The separation of sensing and measuring components enhances sensor reusability and reduces overall costs.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism
Non-gated Ion Channels
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels
Sensory...

