Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026
11:33
Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays
Published on: March 9, 2017
16.3K
Signal amplification strategies for paper-based analytical devices
Linyang Liu1, Danting Yang2, Guozhen Liu3
1Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|April 30, 2019
Summary
This review explores signal amplification strategies to enhance the sensitivity of paper-based analytical devices (PADs) for point-of-care diagnostics. Advances in nanomaterial, nucleic acid, and engineering-based approaches are discussed to overcome current limitations.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) offer rapid, cost-effective, and multiplexed detection for point-of-care diagnostics.
- Despite their potential, low detection sensitivity remains a significant challenge for PADs.
- Improving sensitivity is crucial for translating PADs from laboratory research to clinical applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and classify different formats of paper-based analytical devices (PADs).
- To summarize recent advances (last five years) in signal amplification strategies for enhancing PAD sensitivity.
- To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various amplification methods.
Main Methods:
- Classification of PAD formats based on engineering design.
- Systematic review of signal amplification strategies applied to PADs.
- Categorization of amplification methods into nanomaterial-based, nucleic acid-based, and PAD engineering-based approaches.
Main Results:
- PAD formats were classified based on their engineering design.
- Recent advancements in signal amplification for PADs were summarized, focusing on three key strategies.
- The pros and cons of each signal amplification approach were critically evaluated.
Conclusions:
- Signal amplification is essential for improving the sensitivity of paper-based analytical devices.
- Nanomaterial, nucleic acid, and engineering-based strategies offer promising avenues for PAD enhancement.
- Further research into these amplification techniques will drive the clinical translation of PADs.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Development of Analytical Methods
1.8K
An analytical methodology can be divided into four sequential steps: technique, method, procedure, and protocol. A technique is a scientific principle that rationalizes a specific phenomenon through chemical measurements. Adapting a technique for analyzing a sample of interest is termed a method. The procedure outlines the directions for performing the analysis via an analytical method. The protocol is the detailed guidelines on the procedure, which should be strictly followed to obtain the...
1.8K
01:09Analyte Adsorption and Distribution
2.5K
In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and...
2.5K
01:23Jung's Analytical Theory
1.1K
Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist and former follower of Freud, eventually broke away from Freud's ideas to create his framework, analytical psychology. This approach emphasizes achieving a balance between the conscious and unconscious aspects of the mind and reconciling various experiences within an individual's personality. Jung believed that this process, which typically unfolds in the latter part of life, involves an ongoing journey of recognizing and incorporating unconscious...
1.1K
01:20Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids
935
Analyzing two sinusoidal voltages with equal amplitude and period but different phases on an oscilloscope, an instrument used to display and analyze waveforms, involves a three-step process.
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
935
02:35RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends
7.2K
Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific...
7.2K
02:03What is Cell Signaling?
129.9K
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.
129.9K