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The arithmetic mean is usually skewed towards the larger values in the data set. Therefore, to avoid this inherent bias towards smaller values, the harmonic mean is used.
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Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of γH2AX following Ionizing Radiation
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Vectorizing the spatial structure of high-harmonic radiation from gas.

F Kong1,2, C Zhang3,4, H Larocque1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton St., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.

Nature Communications
|May 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers generated circularly polarized high harmonics using a vector beam. This novel method controls spatial profiles, enabling new applications in ultrafast magnetic material probing.

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Area of Science:

  • Strong field laser physics
  • Quantum optics
  • Attosecond science

Background:

  • Traditional strong field laser physics focuses on temporal control, maintaining invariant spatial beam profiles.
  • High harmonic generation (HHG) produces beams from coherent atomic dipole emissions, allowing spatial profile transfer from fundamental beams to harmonics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the generation of high harmonics using a spatially varying polarized fundamental laser beam, termed a vector beam.
  • To explore the conversion of a vector beam's spatial characteristics into the properties of high harmonic radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a vector beam with space-varying polarization as the fundamental laser beam for high harmonic generation.
  • Exploiting the natural spatial evolution of the vector beam during propagation to the focal region.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced high harmonics from a vector beam.
  • Demonstrated conversion of the fundamental beam's polarization properties into the harmonic radiation.
  • Observed the generation of circularly polarized high harmonics in the far field, originating from a linearly polarized focus.

Conclusions:

  • Vector beams enable control over the spatial properties of high harmonic generation.
  • The propagation dynamics of vector beams can be exploited to generate tailored harmonic beams.
  • Circularly polarized high harmonics are crucial for ultrafast probing of magnetic materials.