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Related Concept Videos

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications
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High contrast STEM imaging for light elements by an annular segmented detector.

Kousuke Ooe1, Takehito Seki1, Yuichi Ikuhara2

  • 1Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, Yayoi 2-11-16, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.

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|May 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Annular bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ABF STEM) can now better image ultra-light atoms like lithium. New detector conditions, optimized using phase contrast transfer function calculations, improve contrast for these elements.

Keywords:
Annular bright-fieldLithium-rich cathodePhase contrastScanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)Segmented detector

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electron Microscopy
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Annular bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ABF STEM) is crucial for imaging light elements in materials.
  • Conventional ABF STEM detector settings are often empirical and suboptimal for ultra-light elements like hydrogen and lithium.
  • Optimizing imaging conditions is essential for understanding material properties at the atomic level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reexamine and optimize detector angle conditions for ABF STEM.
  • To enhance the direct observation of ultra-light element atoms, specifically lithium.
  • To develop a new method for maximizing image contrast for lithium atoms in materials.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated a novel phase contrast transfer function (PCTF) tailored for annularly segmented detectors.
  • Utilized PCTF to determine improved detector geometries for ABF STEM.
  • Performed image simulations and experimental validation using lithium cathode materials.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated an improved detector geometry for enhanced lithium atom imaging in ABF STEM.
  • The new PCTF accurately predicts optimal conditions for maximizing contrast of ultra-light elements.
  • Experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the optimized detector geometry.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PCTF and optimized detector geometry significantly improve the imaging of lithium atoms using ABF STEM.
  • This advancement allows for more precise characterization of materials containing ultra-light elements.
  • The findings pave the way for better understanding and development of advanced materials, particularly in energy storage applications.