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The Physiology of Taste01:24

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The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
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The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
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Generation and Culture of Lingual Organoids Derived from Adult Mouse Taste Stem Cells
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Taste Function in Healthy Taiwanese Adults.

Rong-San Jiang1,2,3,4, Wen-Jiun Lin2

  • 1Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

Clinical Medicine Insights. Ear, Nose and Throat
|May 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study assessed taste function in healthy Taiwanese adults using two tests. Results indicate that sex does not significantly impact taste perception in this population.

Keywords:
Taiwanesetaste functiontaste test

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Area of Science:

  • Sensory Science
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Taste perception is crucial for dietary choices and overall health.
  • Understanding normative taste function in diverse populations is essential for identifying potential deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure and compare taste function in healthy Taiwanese adults.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of two common taste assessment methods.

Main Methods:

  • 102 healthy Taiwanese adults underwent whole-mouth suprathreshold taste and taste quad tests.
  • Tests involved identifying concentrations and locations of sweet, bitter, sour, and salty solutions.
  • Scoring was based on correct identification of tastant quality and concentration.

Main Results:

  • Scores for the whole-mouth taste test ranged from 31-40 (mean 38.6 men, 38.9 women).
  • Scores for the taste quad test ranged from 38-96 (mean 75 men, 78 women).
  • No statistically significant difference in taste function was observed between sexes.

Conclusions:

  • Sex does not appear to influence taste function in healthy Taiwanese adults.
  • Both whole-mouth and taste quad tests are viable methods for assessing taste in this demographic.