Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026
09:15
Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
Published on: February 24, 2023
3.9K
Current Immunotherapy Practices in Melanoma
Luke D Rothermel1, Amod A Sarnaik2, Nikhil I Khushalani2
1Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
|May 14, 2019
Summary
Immunotherapy is changing melanoma treatment, requiring surgeons to adapt their strategies for both resectable and unresectable cases. Future approaches may involve increased surgical roles in managing metastatic melanoma.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Surgical Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Immunotherapy has transformed melanoma treatment paradigms.
- Understanding the interplay between immunotherapy and surgical management is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the evolving role of surgeons in melanoma care due to immunotherapy advancements.
- To discuss how surgical decision-making must adapt to new immunotherapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of current research on melanoma immunotherapy and surgical interventions.
- Analysis of potential future surgical roles in conjunction with immunotherapies.
Main Results:
- Immunotherapies are increasingly impacting surgical decision-making for melanoma.
- Surgeons may play a greater role in resection for metastatic melanoma, including tumor harvesting for cell therapies.
- Optimizing cancer immuno-modulation while minimizing patient toxicity remains a challenge.
Conclusions:
- Surgical management of melanoma must integrate with immunotherapy protocols.
- Further research is needed to refine combined immunotherapy and surgical approaches for better patient outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Tumor Immunotherapy
1.8K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
1.8K
01:10Electrical Current
6.9K
Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
6.9K
01:16Characteristics of Practical Op Amps
840
A difference amplifier, a crucial component in numerous electronic devices, ideally amplifies only the difference-mode signal, which is the difference between two input signals. However, in practical circuits, the output voltage depends on both the differential gain and the common-mode gain.
The ratio of differential gain to the common-mode gain is defined as the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). This ratio quantifies the ability of operational amplifiers (op-amps) to reject common-mode...
The ratio of differential gain to the common-mode gain is defined as the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). This ratio quantifies the ability of operational amplifiers (op-amps) to reject common-mode...
840
01:30Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice
17.3K
Theories play an essential role in organizing patient care. Theories refer to a proposed or followed belief, policy, or procedure that is the basis for action. Nursing theories are knowledge-based concepts that guide nurses' actions, influence nursing education and practice, and allow nurses to care for their patients.
Theories provide a perspective to assess patients' conditions and organize data and methods. They also assist in analyzing and interpreting information. They represent a...
Theories provide a perspective to assess patients' conditions and organize data and methods. They also assist in analyzing and interpreting information. They represent a...
17.3K
01:28Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers
1.4K
The practical equivalent circuits of single-phase two-winding transformers exhibit significant deviations from their idealized versions due to the inherent properties of winding resistance and finite core permeability. These properties result in real and reactive power losses, affecting the transformer's performance. Understanding these deviations is crucial for designing more efficient transformers.
In a practical transformer, each winding exhibits resistance and leakage reactance. The...
In a practical transformer, each winding exhibits resistance and leakage reactance. The...
1.4K
01:27Significance of Displacement Current
5.8K
A displacement current is analogous to a real current in Ampère's law, participating in Ampère's law the same way as the usual conduction current. However, it is produced by a changing electric field. Displacement current is defined in terms of a time-varying electric field, and also has an associated displacement current density. By adding a term accounting for displacement current, Maxwell modified the existing Ampère's law, which is now called generalized Ampère's law.
5.8K