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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Growth, Purification, and Titration of Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus
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Oncolytic Immunotherapy.

Morgan L Hennessy1, Praveen K Bommareddy2, Genevieve Boland1

  • 1Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 7B, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
|May 14, 2019
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Oncolytic viruses are viruses that destroy tumor cells and stimulate immune responses against cancer. This review covers their use in trials, challenges, and future directions.

Keywords:
CancerImmunogenic cell deathImmunotherapyIntratumoralOncolytic virusTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Oncolytic viruses are viruses that selectively infect and kill cancer cells.
  • They can also stimulate the body's immune system to attack tumors.
  • These viruses can be naturally occurring or genetically engineered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of oncolytic viruses in cancer treatment.
  • To summarize key preclinical and clinical findings.
  • To identify challenges and future research areas.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on oncolytic viruses.
  • Analysis of administration routes (intralesional, intravenous).
  • Evaluation of efficacy and safety data.

Main Results:

  • Several oncolytic viruses are in various stages of clinical trials.
  • Evidence suggests potential for tumor cell lysis and immune activation.
  • Challenges include delivery, immunogenicity, and resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic virus therapy shows promise in oncology.
  • Further research is needed to overcome clinical implementation hurdles.
  • Optimizing viral design and delivery is crucial for future success.