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Related Concept Videos

Kinematic Equations for Rotation01:30

Kinematic Equations for Rotation

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In mechanics, when one observes a rigid body in rotational motion with constant angular acceleration, it is possible to establish equations for its rotational kinematics. This process resembles how linear kinematics are dealt with in simpler motion studies.
For instance, imagine a point A on a rigid body engaged in circular motion. The translational velocity of this particular point can be calculated by taking the time derivatives of the displacement equation, which essentially measures the...
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Rotation of Asymmetric Top01:11

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By definition, a spherically symmetric body has the same moment of inertia about any axis passing through its center of mass. This situation changes if there is no spherical symmetry. Since most rigid bodies are not spherically symmetric, these require special treatment.
The relationship between the angular momentum of any rigid body and its angular velocity, both of which are vectors, involves the moment of inertia. The moment of inertia is a scalar quantity only for spherically symmetric...
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Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis01:26

Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis

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A rigid body's rotation around a fixed axis makes every point within it trace a circular path around a specific line or point. The term given to this type of spinning is defined by the angular position, symbolized by the angle θ. This angle is gauged from a static reference line to the revolving object. From this angular position, any variation is referred to as angular displacement, denoted by dθ. The extent of this displacement can be calculated in degrees, radians, or...
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Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration - I01:37

Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration - I

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If angular acceleration is constant, then we can simplify equations of rotational kinematics, similar to the equations of linear kinematics. This simplified set of equations can be used to describe many applications in physics and engineering where the angular acceleration of a system is constant.
Using our intuition, we can begin to see how rotational quantities such as angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and time are related to one another. For example, if a flywheel...
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Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration - II01:16

Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration - II

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Kinematics is the description of motion. The kinematics of rotational motion discusses the relationships between rotation angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, and time. One can describe many things with great precision using kinematics, but kinematics does not consider causes. For example, a large angular acceleration describes a very rapid change in angular velocity without any consideration of its cause. Thus, rotational kinematics does not represent the laws of nature.
The first...
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Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation01:28

Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation

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Since all objects on the Earth's surface move through a circle every 24 hours, there must be a net centripetal force on each object, directed towards the center of that circle. The points of the north and south poles are the only exception to this rule.
For an object on the Earth's equator, the net centripetal force that accounts for its rotation is the Earth's pull towards its center, or the weight minus the normal force that prevents it from piercing into the Earth's surface....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model
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Pedicled segmental rotation techniques for posterior mandible augmentation: a preliminary study.

A Khojasteh1, H Safiaghdam2, H Farajpour3

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
|May 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a modified inlay bone grafting technique called pedicled segmental rotation (PSR) for reconstructing severe posterior mandibular defects. The PSR technique shows promising results for augmenting the atrophic mandible, enabling dental implant placement.

Keywords:
alveolar bone lossbone graftdental implantsinferior alveolar nerveposterior mandible

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A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible
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A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible
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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Dental Implantology
  • Bone Reconstruction

Background:

  • Reconstructing the atrophic posterior mandible presents significant challenges in dental practice.
  • Conventional methods like inlay bone grafting (IBG) and onlay bone grafting (OBG) have limitations for combined vertical and horizontal defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a modified inlay bone grafting technique, pedicled segmental rotation (PSR), for reconstructing severe vertical and horizontal defects in the atrophic posterior mandible.

Main Methods:

  • A case series involving ten patients with atrophic posterior mandibles and vertical-horizontal defects (<5 mm basal bone width).
  • Treatment involved pedicled segmental rotation (PSR), with or without inferior alveolar nerve transposition (IANT) or onlay bone grafting (OBG).
  • Cone beam computed tomography and clinical examinations were used for pre-operative and 4-month follow-up assessments.

Main Results:

  • The pedicled segmental rotation technique demonstrated successful soft tissue healing in all patients.
  • Radiomorphometric analysis revealed significant new bone volume and vertical height increase across all treatment groups (PSR, PSR+OBG, PSR+IANT).
  • Mean new bone volumes ranged from 640.20 mm³ to 836.99 mm³, with vertical height increases (ΔH) between 6.59 mm and 7.8 mm.

Conclusions:

  • The pedicled segmental rotation (PSR) technique is a promising surgical approach for vertical and horizontal augmentation of the atrophic posterior mandible.
  • This modified IBG technique effectively addresses severe mandibular defects, preparing the site for subsequent dental implant placement.