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Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
Published on: July 18, 2014
Epicardial Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery
Kenan W D Stern1, Sitaram M Emani2, Giles J Peek3
11 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract:
Epicardial echocardiography (e-echo) is a useful approach to intraoperative imaging for the smallest patients and in those with contraindications to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The e-echo has additional advantages that include improved visualization of anterior and vascular structures and three-dimensional capabilities. In this review, we describe the advantages and disadvantages of e-echo versus TEE for pediatric and congenital heart surgery with the goal of enhancing the utility and feasibility of the former among congenital heart surgeons. We also review the technique for performance of an e-echo and provide demonstrations of the images obtained for select lesions.
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