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Related Concept Videos

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching II: Planning and Implementation01:24

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Planning for learning involves the development of a teaching plan. Teaching plans are similar to nursing care plans—both follow the steps of the nursing process. Planning in the teaching process involves setting goals and outcomes. Here, goals identify what a patient needs to achieve to understand a healthcare topic better, whereas the outcomes are the action to be performed by the patient to achieve the goal within a timeframe. For example, if the goal is to educate the patient about...
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The nursing process provides a clinical decision-making framework for patients and families to establish and implement a personalized care plan. Since part of the nurse's duties is to teach patients, the steps of the nursing process are the most effective way to approach instruction. The nursing process and the teaching-learning process are inextricably linked.
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Evaluation of the teaching process enables the nurse to determine if the patient's learning needs were met and if training was effective. If the expected outcomes are not met, the care plan is revised, and additional education or reinforcement is provided. Nurses can ask questions after the session or obtain feedback to assess the patient's understanding of the topic.
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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
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Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
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Ex Vivo Porcine Experimental Model for Studying and Teaching Lung Mechanics
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Teaching an Old Drug New Tricks.

Milica Momcilovic1, David B Shackelford2

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

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Intermittent fasting can lower tumor glucose levels, making cancer cells more sensitive to metformin treatment. This dietary strategy was shown to significantly reduce tumor growth in preclinical models.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Cancer therapy

Background:

  • Metformin is an anti-diabetic drug with anti-cancer properties.
  • Tumor cells often develop resistance to metformin.
  • Glucose metabolism is a key pathway in cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate intermittent fasting as a strategy to overcome metformin resistance.
  • To determine the effect of intermittent fasting on tumor glucose levels.
  • To evaluate the impact of combined intermittent fasting and metformin on tumor growth.

Main Methods:

  • Preclinical models of cancer were used.
  • Intermittent fasting was administered prior to metformin treatment.
  • Tumor glucose levels and tumor growth were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Intermittent fasting reduced glucose levels in tumors.
  • Tumor cells resistant to metformin were sensitized by intermittent fasting.
  • Combined treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth.

Conclusions:

  • Intermittent fasting can be a viable strategy to enhance metformin efficacy.
  • Targeting tumor glucose metabolism with fasting may overcome drug resistance.
  • This approach holds potential for improving cancer treatment outcomes.