A database of optimal integration times for Lagrangian studies of atmospheric moisture sources and sinks

Lagrangian methods for estimating sources and sinks of water vapour have increased in importance in recent years, with hundreds of publications over the past decade on this topic. Results derived from these approaches are, however, very sensitive to the integration time of the trajectories used in the analysis. The most widely used integration time is that derived from the average residence time of water vapour in the atmosphere, normally considered to be around 10 days. In this article, we propose an approach to estimate the optimal integration time for these Lagrangian methods for estimating sources and sinks, by comparing estimates of precipitation from the Lagrangian approach using different times of integration with results obtained from three state-of-the-art reanalyses, thereby providing a database of optimal integration times per month, for a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° in latitude and longitude.