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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic Acids02:43

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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Polymeric Nucleic Acid Delivery for Immunoengineering.

Stephany Y Tzeng1,2, Jordan J Green1,2,3,4,5

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.

Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering
|May 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polymer formulations enhance the delivery of nucleic acids for immune system engineering. This approach improves specificity and intracellular delivery for vaccines and immunomodulatory therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and immunology
  • Polymer science and drug delivery

Background:

  • Nucleic acids show potential for immune system engineering but face delivery challenges.
  • Improving specificity and intracellular delivery is crucial for clinical applications of nucleic acids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the use of polymers as delivery vehicles for nucleic acids.
  • To discuss advancements in polymer-based nucleic acid vaccines and immunomodulatory strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering chemical and physical properties of natural and synthetic polymers.
  • Formulating DNA, mRNA, and siRNA with polymers for enhanced delivery.

Main Results:

  • Polymer formulation improves nucleic acid delivery for vaccines.
  • Polymeric delivery enhances the efficacy of immunostimulatory nucleic acids.

Conclusions:

  • Polymers are effective vehicles for nucleic acid delivery in immune system engineering.
  • Advancements in polymer-based strategies offer new therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine options.